平安時代末期の治承四年（1180年）に勃発し、養和・寿永年間を経て元暦二年（1185年）まで続いた日本の内乱。
朝廷の実権を掌握した平清盛とその一門に対して治承四年に以仁王が挙兵したのが発端で、以仁王の死後は令旨を受けた源頼朝ら源氏を中心とした東国武士団が平家一門に対して挙兵した。
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